Service to Suncook

Sept 28, 1924 - June 6, 1936

Contents on this page:
Introduction
B&M Passenger Service
B&M Interurban & Bus Service - to be added
B&M Freight Service
Termination of Service
Equipment
Yard Operations and Signaling
Sources
This map depicts the B&M's Suncook Loop and environs from Hooksett at the south, to Bailey's Quarry in the east, and to the Concord depot in the northwest.  It is a composite map created from the 1921 USGS 15' Suncook Quad and the 1927 15' USGS Concord Quad, and is cropped (approximately,) from W 71°25' to W 71°32'30" and from N 43°5' to N 43°12'30".  Click for Full size.

Introduction

Suncook, NH, was located at the confluence of the Merrimack and its namesake river, and would see the development of its substantial water power resources during the 1860's for the cotton textile industry.  It had gained rail service in 1850, when the Concord & Portsmouth Railroad had been built through town, and became a junction point when the Suncook Valley Railroad was built in 1869.  A small yard located just up off the Merrimack floodplain provided the infrastructure to support operations meeting customer's needs, and a number of industrial spurs entered cotton mill property to directly serve the mills.


Map depicting much of the trackage at Suncook, I.C.C Valuation Survey, B&M Val Section 23.1
(Click for full-size .tiff file.)

After decades of leasehold by the Concord Railroad, the Concord & Montreal, and finally the Boston & Maine Railroad, the Suncook Valley Railroad initiated independent operation of its owned line on September 28, 1924.  The road began operation over the leased B&M's Suncook Loop trackage (from the east side of the Merrimack River at Hooksett north to Bow Junction) on June 8, 1936.  This article is intended to discuss B&M rail service to the village of Suncook in between those dates.


B&M 4-4-0 1007 on Train 3604, bound for Manchester and Portsmouth, May 1934. N.M.Martin photo.

B&M Passenger Service

Passenger rail service is generally well covered in B&M Employee and Public Time Tables.  The chart below (click for larger version in .pdf format,) resulted from a comprehensive study of the former; further research on passenger service is required, however, in order to include accommodations, railway postal, and other aspects.

Some explanation may be instructive so that the chart can be fully understood.  The horizontal axis shows individual train schedules through time from initial SV operation until lease of the Loop by the SV.  Color continuity may reflect a constant train service or may represent a change in B&M train number without a significant accompanying service change.  Two closures of the Hooksett bridges can be noted (light purple highlighting,) first in the winter or spring of 1927, and lasting until Aug 8 of that year, and the final curtailment of service over the Hooksett bridges on January 11, 1935.  The vertical axis is time of day during the period.  Gray areas between the black highlighted SV train times represent the short line's layover at the Suncook Yard, and thus indicate where connections were made between the two railroads.

This section is actively being rewritten. 12/26/22

B&M Interurban & Bus Service

To be added...

B&M Freight Service

Freight service to Suncook evolved significantly on the B&M through the 1920's and into the Depression. The railroad as a whole underwent a dramatic shift, largely under the leadership and direction of George Hannauer, who after a stint for the line as a consultant, was offered the job as President in 1927. Service on the Loop was once poorly understood, but ongoing research has yielded a clearer, yet still incomplete, picture of the operating scheme.

Photographic evidence of freight service on the Suncook Loop, however, remains non-existent to date.  Therefor, this study is critically dependent on the information contained within B&M Freight Train Symbol Books and other corporate documents.  Currently, nine such books from the period of interest are known and available to much of the B&M community: FTSB #11, dated 6/23/24; FTSB #13, dated 6/30/26; FTSB #14, dated 12/20/26; FTSB #16, dated 10/31/27; FTSB #22, dated 9/25/32; FTSB #24, dated 9/24/33; FTSB #27, dated 4/28/35; FTSB #28, dated 9/29/35; and FTSB #29, dated 4/26/36.  (A group of four additional books from this period, #20, #23, #25, and #26, as well as additional editions before and after the dates indicated above, were located in the fall of 2016, but the collector who possesses them, DBV, has denied access to the information contained within them.)  Each book explicitly calls out how the B&M planned to serve Suncook at that point in time, but the day to day operations could, and did, vary as business, equipment, and weather demanded.

Furthermore, the railroad opted to publish portions of the scheduling included in FTSB's via Bulletin Orders, Notices, and Circulars; limited numbers of those remain, offering yet another source of such data.  A number of B&M memoranda exist that also give limited additional information about freight service on the Loop.  B&M Merchandise Car pamphlets shed limited light on Suncook freight service.  Three from the 1924-36 period are known to exist: 4/1/29, 5/1/30, and 5/1/35.  (If you have knowledge of any additional FTSB or Merchandise Car pamphlets from this era, I would greatly appreciate you sharing them with me!)

Upon the Suncook Valley Railroad commencing independent operation on Sept 28, 1924, the B&M's existing daily ex Sunday, Concord to Centre Barnstead local freight, as called out in FTSB #11, was curtailed.  That freight schedule would undoubtedly been modified via Bulletin Notices and/or Orders, but such documents are not known to exist.  Quite possibly, the manner in which the Loop freight service was conducted may have evolved further throughout the shortline's first two years of operation, but the gap in the historical record prevents any further understanding at this time.  FTSB #12, effective 11/5/1925, the first such widely published document that would be expected to shed light on the matter is not known to exist.

Facilities that would continue to be served at Suncook by the B&M included the Suncook freight house, the three large Suncook Mills complexes-the China, Pembroke, and Webster cotton mills, Fowler Brothers’ grain mill, Fred Saltmarsh’s coal and wood yard, Suncook Mills’ coal pocket (since about June 1924, formerly E. Baker & Co.,) and a wood flour manufacturer (operated under a succession of names,) located just north of the Suncook freight house.  The B&M's Suncook agent was also responsible for two additional, important customers: Bailey's Lumber Co. and the C. A. Bailey granite quarry, despite the fact that the Suncook Valley RR was responsible for the actual switching duties.

DeliveredReceived
DateMerchandise
Cars
Carload
Freight
Empty
Cars
Merchandise
Cars
Carload
Freight
Empty
Cars
June 1491300
June 2410164
June 3320163
June 4220063
June 5220184

B&M-SV Interchange, June 1925

Some minor operational details are available in correspondence among B&M management, where they discussed LCL freight claims made on items delivered to Valley customers.  Specifically, the memos illustrate just how LCL was being handled as of June, 1925.

A B&M investigation gave the following facts:  The approximate daily volume handed off to the shortline was 15 tons of LCL, while about 10 tons were received from the SV.  Way cars (loaded from Nashua and Boston,) were set at the Suncook freight house track.  Those which contained freight for Valley destinations had the Suncook "Town" freight removed to the freight house, and the cars were resealed.  Furthermore, the report states that if the SV train was ready to accept the cars, the SV crew would take them from the freight house; if the SV was not ready for them, the B&M crew would set the cars onto the interchange track.  Merchandise cars received were sent to Concord, but the location of transfer was unknown- either Concord or Nashua.

B&M Suncook Locals, 6/30/26

B&M Suncook Locals, 12/20/26

The Summer 1926 and Winter 1926-27 FTSB's both show that a pair of local trains was assigned from Concord to Suncook and from Suncook to Concord on a daily except Sunday basis, a continuation of the frequency and manner of service that existed prior to independent operations for some years.  This minimal service also correlated with the frequency of SV mixed trains.  Running south after Train 812 departed Concord, the turn arrived in Suncook to switch customers in the village and to leave cars for Suncook Valley Train 1.

Three times weekly, freight service was supplied to Hooksett, and we know the train at least occasionally crossed the Hooksett covered bridges from the note in the Symbol Book regarding running back to Concord via the main.  At Hooksett, the Suncook local would have served the Dundee Mill, where crash, a coarse cloth used for toweling and coats, was woven until about 1928, as well as Head's brickyard and the PSNH hydro facility (formerly Manchester Traction, Light, and Power Co.,) the latter leasing a portion of the shared Cotton Track along with Dundee.  The Mount Saint Mary's convent also received carloads of coal, but it is not known if these were delivered to the old house track or the siding near the depot initially.  While two additional (symbol) freight round trips were scheduled between Concord and Boston, it is unlikely that these offered freight service at the Hooksett depot and freight house.  The local freight that was assigned to work the mainline was only scheduled as far north as Manchester during 1926.

After returning to Concord at around 9:45 AM, the Suncook local then made a trip part way up the Claremont Branch to serve the quarries on Rattlesnake Hill near West Concord, also known as Garrison on the B&M.

It is not known at this time if or how the Hooksett bridge closure in early 1927 changed the frequency or nature of freight service on the Loop.  However, the local would have been unable to work the west side of the river at Hooksett, so this service disruption (until Aug 8, 1927,) would presumably have necessitated one of the Bos-Con freights picking up the duty.

No provision for evening service to Suncook can be found at this time, which would have delayed outbound merchandise service until the next morning, keeping in the character with the B&M's drag freight operating scheme still entrenched in the mid 1920's.  The nature of traffic originating from some of the customers served by the B&M's Loop, however, demanded more timely outbound shipments of L.C.L., and the railroad responded to its customers needs.  An August 22, 1927, memo from S. E. Miller, General Superintendent, B&M, states that the local, "runs from Concord to Suncook and return twice and does the so-called Stone Hill work."  This added trip provided much improved service for Suncook and Valley shippers and would be included in the next FTSB operating plan.

B&M Suncook Local, 10/31/27

The Fall 1927 FTSB showed a very similar operating scheme to that of 1926.  The round trip was now officially one local, rather than the previous two, and it was run on the same frequency as the previous year.  It arrived well after Suncook Valley Train 2, which had also met Train 812 earlier. After its switching duties were completed, the local awaited the 8:30 departure of B&M Train 303 before itself heading north back to Concord.

Again, freight service was supplied to Hooksett three times weekly, and it is believed that this train still ventured across the Hooksett bridges in order switch the freight house on the west side of the river.  While the former Bos-Con symbols were no longer scheduled, the remaining mainline local had been extended to run Boston-Concord, and thus may also have been available.  The northbound service was explicitly assigned to do "all work on main line except switching at Winchester and No. Chelmsford, although the southbound trip was only assigned "all loading, unloading, and station switching, Nashua to Winchester except No. Chelmsford ad No. Billerica."

Arriving back in Concord around 9:00 AM, the Suncook local continued to run to Garrison to work the quarries.  After that work was complete, the local continued to make a second trip to Suncook to pick up any LCL cars at the freight house or dropped by SV Train 4 at 3:20 PM.  Presumably this train had to make it back to connect with the southbound merchandise train, O-B 2, in order to best serve Suncook and Valley shippers.  O-B 2 arrived at Concord at 7:00 PM and left at 7:50.  Complicating this however is the fact that B&M Train 3604 was due to leave Concord at 3:40 PM and was scheduled to arrive in Suncook at 3:56.  The local surely could not be counted on to pick up merchandise cars and run the distance back to Concord in less than 20 minutes.  We can therefore conclude that the local waited until after the passenger train had left, which would still give it more than enough time to complete the round trip and get the car spotted in Concord to be sent south in O-B 2.

By 1928, some evidence suggests that the Suncook Local no longer passed over the Hooksett Bridges to either serve the Hooksett Freight House nor to return via the mainline. The B&M would testify in 1935, as they sought permission from the I.C.C to abandon the bridges that "No freight service has been operated over this section for more than seven years." (However, there is a rather contradictory inference in a memo, offered below, that such service may have continued until at least 1931!)

Beginning with FTSB #17, in effect on January 1, 1929, the B&M changed the format of the publication.  This change appears to have been made near the conclusion of many of the changes instituted under management of the railroad by President George Hannauer, such as the opening of the new Mechanicville hump yard on January 14, 1928.  The freight services also were reconfigured in order to achieve operating efficiencies previously unheard of on the B&M.  While that FTSB has not yet come to light, a few other documents do shed some light on the manner in which the branch was worked.

B&M Suncook Local, 4/28/29

B&M Southern Division Notice #37, issued April 23, shows that the local train schedule and frequency did in fact remain the same at that date as it was a year and a half prior, maintaining the 7:50 AM departure from Concord for Suncook, Hooksett, Stonehill and "var.pts.", daily except Sunday.  This abbreviated listing offers no specific mention of an afternoon return to Suncook, but there is no obvious reason why that would have changed from 1927 (indeed, further evidence offered below suggests it continued uninterupted.)

The April 1929 Minute Man Freight Service Merchandise Car pamphlet shows that a daily Less-Carload-Lot (LCL) car was sent from Nashua to the Suncook Valley RR scheduled to permit next morning delivery.  In addition, a car left Boston’s “A” House (located in East Cambridge,) destined for Suncook as well.  However, this latter service was only guaranteed to deliver merchandise the second morning.  It was not a direct car, so presumably, goods were sent to Concord where they were then transferred to another car at the Concord freight house.  Southern Divison Notice #36, also issued April 23, shows that Train O-B 2's schedule was unchanged and B-O 1's shifted back by one hour, making relevant much of the previous discussion regarding these two trains.  This also suggests that both of these cars could have come into Concord in Train B-O 1.  This train left Boston with merchandise cars at 8:15 PM, and picked up and dropped similar cars at the major cities enroute.  Nashua was scheduled for 10:45 PM, arrival in Concord was 2:15 AM.

Early in 1930, the former Dundee Mill property in Hooksett was leased by Emerson & Stillman, later Emerson Manufacturing Company, who manufactured furniture and wooden novelties.  A siding located on the east bank of the Merrimack, known as the Cotton track, was used by this and other off line customers.  (See the Hooksett Sidetrack Chronology for more information.)  By May of that year, the B&M understood that Emerson's growing business was already beginning to be lost to trucks, due largely to the limitations of the tri-weekly morning service they offered to Hooksett.  Moving quickly to stem the tide, the B&M instituted changes to improve the service offered: some minor staffing changes at the Hooksett depot enabled the agent there to better meet Emerson needs, and, effective May 19, 1930, the Suncook local provided daily except Sunday afternoon freight service to Hooksett, allowing the B&M to better expedite all shipments offered by Emerson (provided their L.C.L car was ready not later than 3:00 PM.)

Two daily merchandise cars were also scheduled for Suncook in May 1930.  The first left Boston “A” House in East Cambridge providing somewhat faster, next morning LCL service.  The other left Nashua, NH, providing the same delivery interval as had been provided in 1929.  Unfortunately, a complete 1930 FTSB is not known to exist at this time, but the originating and terminating times shown in the Merchandise Car pamphlet and a loose FTSB page for O-B 2 dated 11/6/1930 suggest that the same Plymouth-Bos service continued to handle the cars.

Beginning in 1931, the B&M freight scheduling in central NH entered into a period of near constant flux, as services to and from the north country and to and from western interchange points were shifted repeatedly in an effort to work out a scheme that suited the worsening Depression traffic level.  (See the NH Div Symbol Freights for more information.)  Such service changes had trickle-down impacts on the how the locals operating out of Concord would accomplish the work required in surrounding NH communities.  The shifting B&M services also impacted LCL car movements as freight service was broadly cut back systemwide.

The first large change impacting operations in the Concord area would occur in winter 1931: trains B-O 1 and O-B 2 were consolidated with the Concord-Mechanicville service (C-M 1, M-C 2,) to become O-M 1 and M-O 2 prior to Feb 28.  From the limited information available on this reduction in service, it would seem that O-M 1's schedule remained very comparable to what O-B 2 had been north of Nashua, and was likely to continue to move the Suncook-Nashua merchandise car.  Symbol freight J-B 490, formerly passing through the capitol area in the early evening, began to run a later schedule beginning when O-M 1 was instituted, arriving in Boston about the time the former O-B 2 had done at the end of 1930.  Consequently, it becomes reasonable to assume that the Boston-bound, Suncook merchandise car may have been forwarded on in J-B 490.  Northbound cars:

Some details shared in B&M memos investigating costs shed further light on the existing operating scheme.  In Feb 1931, coal was being received both at the Cotton Track (belived to be for Emerson,) and at the House track (for the convent and/or others,) while the Old House Track (located south of the bridges,) appears to have then been only used for company business.  In the Apr 1931, the new District Superintendent A.W. Perkins received statements from his subordinates that confirm that the Concord-Suncook-Stonehill local continued to operate.  Mr. Perkins went on to suggest that if the Stonehill switcher were to be discontinued on account of leasing the Loop to the SV, perhaps symbol freights W-C 1 or M-O 2 may be available to switch the Hooksett House track if the SV began tending to the Cotton track on the east side of the Merrimack, and that O-M 1 would be able to take over switching responsibilities between Eastside (Concord) and Northfield.

B&M Suncook Locals, 4/29/32

The next available freight scheduling data available to this author is from the spring of 1932, and the scheme reported had been substantially changed from 1929.  By this time, the B&M had combined the Bristol & Franklin local that existed at least as late as 1929 (and probably into 1931,) with the Suncook local.

Up until this time frame, as shown in prior FTSB and in the aforementioned Notice #37 of April 1929, the B&M had provided Bristol and Franklin freight service by running another local freight out of Concord that served the Franklin & Tilton Branch, the Belmont Branch, and the Bristol Branch, operating strictly as a freight train south of Franklin and Tilton (Eastside to Northfield,) but as a mixed train on the latter two branches.  However, Belmont Branch freight service was terminated in August 1930 (passenger service had ended earlier, on 4/27/29,) which had created an opportunity to change the operating scheme to further save expense to the railroad.  Without further documentation, it cannot be shown conclusively how these operations were handled from the closure of the Belmont Branch until the spring of 1932, and while careful study shows that schedules would have allowed the combination of these two services as early as 1930, the Stonehill switcher is known to have continued running to Suncook as late as April 1931.  Hopefully, further documentation will come to light to indicate specifically when this may have been combined with Suncook freight service.

In the spring of 1932, however, the combined local service now left Concord for Suncook at 6:05 AM.  The earlier departure, however, meant that the local followed the southbound Concord-Portsmouth passenger train, #3600, from Concord, rather than #303.  Additional schedule times are available for this service, as the Bristol trains, 3901 and 3902, appear in Employee timetables due to their being mixed trains.  More needed here...  An afternoon trip to Suncook or Hooksett, however, was now made by the Claremont to Concord local at the end of its run, but only on Mon, Wed, and Fri, and only on an as needed basis.

RE-EVALUATE: However, by 1932, the FTSB indicates that any Nashua car would have been picked up by 49’s Extra and dropped in Concord, while B-U 1 would have hauled Boston LCL direct to Concord.  Due to the freight scheduling efficiencies introduced ca. 1930, B-U 1 made it into Concord at 10:10.  The schedule for 49’s Extra is not known, but it did arrive before B-U 1.

B&M Suncook Locals, 9/25/32

The next full FTSB available to this author is from the fall of 1932, and the scheme reported for the morning local is essentially the same, with the departure time seasonally adjusted.  With the general reduction in service that occurred in response to the ever worsening Depression, O-M 1, the symbol freight from Plymouth, would finally be curtailed.  A new train (at times refered to as Symbol Freight O-C 2,) would do work from Lincoln, combining that with the previous symbol freight's northern responsibilities to Concord.  This downgraded service was required to make the afernoon run to Suncook and Hooksett to provide LCL service, but on an as needed basis only.

B&M Bristol and Concord locals serving Suncook, 1/27/33

As the Depression wore on, the B&M continued to modify its freight services to accommodate the lower traffic levels.  In Jan, the Bristol local's morning run to Suncook was made only on an as needed basis, and expressly eliminated on Mondays.  Meanwhile, a Claremont & Concord local freight was trialed to provide afternoon service, but again, only on an as needed basis.  The variable service nature implied by the B&M’s schedule is a foreboding sign of things to come.

Increasingly desparate to reduce unprofitable train services, the B&M even turned to the unconventional approach of adding freight cars to its passenger trains, as it did to Train 3604 on May 1 that year.  Rather than sending the Bristol train south, a carload of feed for Epsom was coupled to the rear of the Concord-Portsmouth train and dropped at Suncook for the short line.  Unfortunately, the crew objected to receiving lower passenger train service wages for this mixed train operation, which was only resolved after a hearing at the National Railroad Adjustment Board.  It is unkown whether or how often this would be repeated.

B&M Symbol Freight F-C 1 and Suncook Local, 9/24/33

Changes continued as the year went on.  The Bristol and Franklin local was restored to its previous status without a morning Suncook trip.  Instead, the B&M began running new Symbol Freight F-C 1 to Suncook on an as needed basis after it otherwise completed its run to Concord.  It was scheduled to arrive in the capital at 8:30 AM, after which it would drop its train and pick up any cars destined for Suncook.  This work is very likely to have it busy until after 303 arrived from Suncook at 8:42, leaving the freight an open track and adequate time to get to Suncook for the Valley connection- SV Train 1 was not scheduled to leave Suncook until 10:00 AM.

The C&C local's involvement in Loop service apparently did not work out, as the Lincoln to Concord local was restored to run to Suncook or Hooksett as required in order to make the evening connection for outbound merchandise.  While the "as needed" note was included in the FTSB, Notice 94, Oct 10, dropped such a limitation, only to have Notice 98 relieve the train from the duty entirely seventeen days later.  In its place, the Bristol local was once again reassigned the afternoon trip to Suncook.  Furthermore, a time study undertaken by the B&M in the spring of 1934 details these changes and the Bristol local's resumption of a role in Suncook service.  During the third week of May and the first week of June of that year, the time study recorded 2 and 3 trips, respectively, by the Bristol train to either or both Suncook and Hooksett in the early afternoon.  These trips followed symbol freight F-C 1's late morning runs to Suncook and Hooksett, these runs occurring on all but one of the weekdays recorded.

A few months after the C&ME had shut down, the management at Emerson had an unconventional idea.  Before the interurban's rails could be removed, they moved to acquire a stretch of the track from adjacent to their siding, the Cotton track, around the bend and down to their mill.  The interburban track was then tied in to the Cotton track itself and was ready for service in Aug.  (More on this HERE.)  A hope expressed by the B&M was that Emerson would give up the lease on the portion of the siding that they had previously used.  Precisely when or how that occurred is yet unknown, but a later report that St. Mary's began receiving their coal on the Cotton track instead of the house track "about 1934," affirms that some portion of the siding became available for public delivery as the railroad had hoped.

B&M Symbol Freight W-C 1 and Suncook Local, 4/28/35

(Discussion on FTSB 27 to be inserted here.)

B&M Symbol Freight W-C 1 and Suncook Local, 9/29/35

(Discussion on FTSB 28 to be inserted here.)

B&M Symbol Freight W-C 1, 4/26/36

The April 26, 1936 B&M FTSB gives a look at freight service to Suncook after the Hooksett bridges were closed.  The Worcester to Concord symbol freight, W-C 1, has now assumed the duties.  After arriving in Concord around 8:15, that crew was assigned the job of running to Suncook or Hooksett as required.  The continuing suggestion that the service frequency is variable helps one to understand the situation leading up to the SV leasing the Loop trackage.  No mention is made anywhere ofafternoon runs to Suncook, so a distinct possibility exists that afternoon merchandise service from Valley points had been curtailed entirely.

The last B&M freight train to operate over the Suncook Loop prior to its lease to the SVRR was X246, which had run down to the Emerson mill at Hooksett on 6/6/36.

Termination of Service

Shortly after emerging from USRA control in 1919, the B&M began to consider the abandonment of segments of their railroad. An Oct 13, 1920 letter from B&M President Hustis identified the desire to abandon the bridges over the Merrimack leading to Suncook, in addition to other lines elsewhere. He estimated that maintenance expenditures on just the bridges amounted to approximately $10,000 per year, in part because of the "horses" which were being used to support the spans, while the railroad could expect to expend $260,000-300,000 if the bridges were to be replaced entirely. Mr Hustis had been "advised that from an operating standpoint there is no reason why this piece of track should not be abandoned," however, the steps to legally abandon the bridges were in question: it was deemed that an act of the NH legislature would be required if the federal Interstate Commerce Act did not supercede. However, when a bill to allow such abandonments came up in the NH Senate the following March, the Suncook Loop was not included (although the line's Profile House and Jefferson Branches were.) Needless to say, the B&M continued operating the full length of the Suncook Loop.

Independent operation of the Suncook Valley Railroad between Suncook and Center Banstead was a direct result of the B&M seeking further ways to cut their operating losses in the 1920's across their myriad of branch lines.  It is not, therefor, unsurprising that the B&M kept an continuing eye on the Suncook Loop itself as yet another branch to reduce the operating losses from the service required on such a low density line.

An indication of the B&M's desires was touched on in a memo from S. E. Miller to J. W. Smith on 8/22/27, regarding the Suncook local/Stone Hill switcher.  While the memo is cryptic, Mr. Miller suggests that the Suncook Valley may not be able to take on some unspecified new duty, believed to be afternoon service to customers in Hooksett, as it would probably interfere with their existing train scheduling.  After a conversation with SV General Manager Fosgate, the matter is explicitly dropped in a 9/16/27 memo.

By the summer of 1929, however, SV management had expressed interest in taking over the entirety of the Suncook Loop, as well as aquiring trackage rights to run over the Southern Division Mainline to Manchester.  A Mr. Hammond, of the B&M, requested a variety of information from B&M sources in order to determine the feasibility of such a change.  By August 14, an estimate was put together, and the annual operating expense savings was determined to be about $6,183.84.  Additional savings were also projected to result from the elimination of snow plowing on the Loop, and it was suggested that the B&M's Soucook gravel pit, located in Pembroke immediately south of the Soucook River, could be sold if B&M service was ended.  With Suncook Mills business healthy, and the other area customers still busy, perhaps this small savings was not significant enough, as no further mention was made in B&M files, and B&M service of the Loop continued.

With the establishment of Emerson Manufacturing at the old Dundee mill in Hooksett in 1930, the B&M felt it worthwhile to increase the frequency of service on the Loop, but by April 1931, the effects of the ever-worsening Depression resulted in management relooking at Loop service.  The old expense estimate produced two years prior was dusted off and updated, this time yielding an estimated savings of $14,141.66.  This new number came in so much higher because included in the Suncook Loop proposal was the discontinuance of the Stone Hill switcher entirely, with Claremont Branch trains being considered as the likely candidates to serve the quarries and other customers north of Concord, and the "OM job," in reference to an existing Lincoln to Mechanicville freight, would be able to pick up work between Eastside (Concord,) and Northfield.  Symbol freights W-C 1 and M-O 2 were both candidates to assume switching duties at the Hooksett freight house.  B&M trains 303, 3601, and 3604 were expected to continue service into Concord under the proposal, but the future of Train 812 was questionable.  However, once again the proposal came to naught, with a final, and surprisingly hopeful, memo dated June 10 being the last mention in B&M files.

With stagnating economic conditions over the next couple years, discussion of changes to Suncook Loop service resurfaced by March of 1933.  However, once again B&M management came to the conclusion that it was preferable for them to continue the service, and a notice of this position was finally delivered to SV General Manager Fowler on October 21 of that year.  While the reasons given to him for their decision were vague, they were elaborated on in the preceding B&M files: lost mail revenue from B&M passenger trains that would continue to run regardless and loss of switching duties in Suncook Village.

The entire matter was again considered in June of 1934.  The study undertaken the previous year was updated, including a comprehensive analysis of the possible savings to be obtained if F-C 1 were to cease running to Hooksett or Suncook on a daily basis, and if afternoon runs by the Bristol local were similarly curtailed.  Still, four more months passed until yet another a memo went out, this time floating the idea of having the Suncook Valley take over operation and maintenance of the Loop on a contract basis, paying them some fee per ton handled, a step short of a full lease.  Passenger trains were expected to be rerouted to the mainline.  An undated and unsigned response, however, suggest that the I.C.C. would not be likely to accept such an arrangement, and that the "clean way" forward would be to abandon the Hookset Branch, lease the Loop south of Bow Junction, and grant trackage rights to the SV to the Concord Yard.  Counterpoints offered were that the tariff mileages would increase for all southbound traffic and that the SV would become a participating carrier for all freight to and from Suncook, which represented the bulk of the business on the Loop.  Yet another study update was requested, and yet another time study was put together.  It was determined that three fewer dollars would be saved than when the situation had been looked at earlier that year.  Ultimately, B&M management made no changes in 1934, and existing records shine no further light on the situation until the following January.

Effective January 12, 1935, the B&M took the dramatic step of curtailing all service over the Suncook Loop's Merrimack River bridges in Hooksett, and simultaneously curtailed all passenger service on the entirety of the Loop.  Brought upon the line by damage to the wooden bridges, this action quite nearly spelled the end of service into Suncook.  With no passenger trains running on the Loop, mail and express were to be trucked, only to be transferred back onto the SV car for further movement to Valley points.  Similarly, LCL shipments were shifted to trucks out of Manchester, which were able to provide better service at lower cost than continuing to run freight trains on a daily basis.  The B&M local freight would venture to Suncook only for carload freight on an as needed basis.  This being an untenable situation, further discussion must have ensued with SV management, but action continued to be delayed for months.  I.C.C. approval for the abandonment of the Hooksett bridges was sought and granted on November 21, cementing the situation further.  Finally, on December 20, 1935, it was announced in the local paper that permission was being formally sought from the I.C.C., jointly by the Suncook Valley and the B&M, to begin to run Valley trains into Concord.

The negotiations between the two railroads would drag on for 6 months.


Equipment

Only limited information has become available about the equipment used for these various services.  As the trains that operated on the Loop were comparatively minor passenger and freight locals, they were not extensively photographed, and with the attraction of the Suncook Valley itself to rail fans visiting the area, they were just that much less likely to have film expended on them.

There is a small number of photos showing details of the Concord-Portsmouth trains, but more research in this area is warranted.  Undoubtably, photos taken along these trains' route between Manchester and Portsmouth will yield additional information about the locomotives and cars typically used in this service.  However, there are a few particular images taken in Suncook itself that begin to establish a pattern.  The earliest photo available is a 1927 H.W.Pontin photo of a southbound afternoon train gliding into the Suncook Yard with A-41f 1007 doing duty.  This could be easily mistaken for Concord to Portsmouth Train 3604, but ith leaves on the trees and a fairly high sun from the west, this is most likely Train 3704 during the 1927 bridge closure.  An Al Hale photo of Train 3604 at Suncook show A-44a 1161 on 5/10/30 and not only documents the common wood postal-baggage combination car and coach, but also the B&M milk car assigned to Valley service until Nov 1930.  A photo of A-41f 1011 on 9/23/33 is variously attributed to both Mr. Hale as well as to L.P.Cornwall.  The 1933 photo again shows the train's RPO, but also, inexplicably, that the train is backed partly onto the freight house siding; in early years, this could point to a milk car being dropped off, but that service is belived to have been ended in 1930.  Another photographer, N. M. Martin, captured A-41f 1007 in Suncook heading up Train 3604 in May of 1934.


There are some photos that were taken at nearby locations or that slightly postdate the B&M Suncook Loop service, yet further document the typical Con-Ports train of the day.  Another Hale photo shows A-41f 1013 at the Concord engine facility, with the note that it would serve on 3604 that day, Aug 10, 1931.  On Oct 12, 1935, and after a successful day of railfanning in the Suncook Valley, L. Peter Cornwall captured 1007, once again on Tr 3604, southbound on the NH Div mainline just south of the Hooksett bridge.  An additional image of 1007, in the Frank Ellis collection at the B&MRRHS, shows the locomotive in the afternoon at a stop signal in Manchester.  Dated Sept 17, 1935, we can yet again surmise that we are viewing Train 3604.

While the afternoon train, 3604, was fairly well photographed, the midday northbound train, 3601 was less commonly captured on film.  Al Hale caught 939 at the ornate Manchester depot, pulling the train on on Sep 22, 1934.  Unfortuntely, other then the end of a wooden vestibule coach, nothing else of the consist was recorded.

A Spring/Summer Run Book from 1929 states that Engine 1151 shall be assigned to Trains 3601 and 3604 (Run 114,) however, that locomotive was scrapped in 1927.  Perhaps this was a typographic error; 1161 may very well be correct, given its appearance described above.  Regardless of the engine number, however, the Run Book lays down that the same power was used on both sides of the Portsmouth-Concord-Portsmouth 3601/3604 run.  Trains 3600 and 3605 did not run via the Loop after the winter of 1926, or north of Manchester at all for most of the period, for that matter, although 3600 returned to serve the Loop after 812 had been annulled on 1/4/32.  However, it may be of interest to note that the 1929 Run Book showed Motor car 170 as being assigned to those other two Portsmouth trains.

There is even more limited information available regarding Train 303.  A B&M memo in the spring of 1931, on the larger topic of Loop operation, expressed that an advantage to relocating Train 303 to the mainline in the event service were to be discontinued via Suncook would be that a heavier locomotive than the B-15 in use at that time would be possible, which could then in turn reduce the need for extra trains to haul additional sleeping cars from Lowell when patronage warranted.  It is also known that B-15c 1475 hauled Train 303 north from Boston on 12/29/34.  Photos taken after the period of interest discussed here do show that P-4 pacifies were used on this train after WWII, while dieselization introduced GP-7's in 1952.

As Trains 812 and 3600 arrived at Suncook very early in the morning, seasonally even before SV Train 2, pictures of the train have not yet been discovered.

During the mid 1920’s, the B&M invested in a number of gas cars.  Intended to provide cost effective passenger service on low density routes, it is seems reasonable that the Suncook Loop could have been a candidate for the use of this equipment.  An April 7, 1927 gas car assignment list shows that one of the 180 series cars was assigned to a Concord to Worcester run, of 161 miles roundtrip.  This mileage corresponds to a NH Division routing, and not the “back door” via Henniker.  The April 24, 1927 ETT does not corroborate this, as there is no northbound Worcester to Concord train scheduled as a counterpart to southbound Train 812.  However the January 15, 1928 ETT shows that two additional runs have been added between those points, 8113 and 8122, and that these trains traveled via the Suncook Loop.  However, this service did not last long, as the two trains were annulled between Manchester and Concord by Supplement to the ETT, effective April 2, 1928.  The 1929 Run Book shows that Motor car 171 was assigned to Train 812 and 823 between Nashua and Worcester.  The motor car would leave Nashua at 7:31 AM, arriving in Worcester at 9:14.  Crews would switch, but the car would then depart at 10:35, arriving back in Nashua at 12:21.  No other run had car 171 assigned to it, so certainly there was time enough to operate it all the way back to Concord.  However, since the run book covers Portland Division runs only, no mention is made of those trains running over the Southern Division north to Concord.  By April 26, 1931 (ETT #8,) however, Trains 812 and 823 had schedules that overlapped, making it unlikely that the same equipment would have been used by the two trains, which had a scheduled meet at Clinton Jct.  More research can narrow down how those services changed through this time period.  There is no photographic evidence to support this claim that gas cars once traveled though Suncook; one is left only to weigh the merits of the paper trail.

Interestingly, the B&M briefly considered a request in 1933 by Suncook Valley management to obtain a B&M gas car for use by the line.  While it is known that nothing came of the idea, gas cars 1125 and 1126 were suggested as perhaps being the most appropriate, as they could be turned at both Suncook and Center Barnstead and could accommodate the existing milk traffic.  Further it was noted that the first of these cars served on B&M Trains 8122 and 8113, while the latter was operating between Rochester and Portsmouth.

Suncook Valley RR accounting ledgers from Sep 1924-Jan 1929 and May 1933-Jul 1937 record instances when the shortline leased a B&M locomotive when theirs was unavailable due to maintenance.  These give another glimpse as to the power that was available at Concord; some of these engines are documented as also having hauled Loop trains, and the thers could reasonably have seen in that service as well.  Not all recorded dates indicate locomotive number, but many do:

Month paidBilling dateService datesLocomotiveCostNote
Mar 1926to Jan 31, 19271338$626.44Annual rental (Depr + Int)
Jul2/11/2615 days1326$450
Jul6/5/261 day1326$30
Jul7/8/263 days1326$90
Aug2 periods, 4 days1326$120
Sep2 periods, 6 days1333$180
Oct3 days1333$90
Dec5 days1013$150
Dec1 day1013$30
Dec2 daysunk$60
Jan 19271 day1013$30
FebFeb 1-151331$280
FebFeb 15-19 (4 days)1333$120
FebFeb 19-28 (6 days)1331$180
FebFeb 28 (1 day)980$30
MayMay 11-13 (3 days)1333$90
AugAug- 4 days991$120
Dec 1928Aug 16, 1927 (1 day)991$30
-
Dec 193311-17-1933unkunk$90unsure if this is $30 or $15 per day
Jan 1934Jan 1-16 (16 days)990$240SV#1 receiving hydrostatic testing
From here on: $15/day
Octunkunk$137
Nov11 daysunk$330
Decunkunk$2probably a correction
Oct 1935Jul 17-19 (3 days)
Sep 24-25 (2 days)
933
1025
$75
Mar 1936Jan 29-Feb 6, 1935
Feb 6-8, 1935
Mar 3-9, 1935
934
1025
1023
$270
Novunkunk$90
DecDec 14-16 (2 days)933$30
Jan 1937Dec 22, 1936 (1 day)934$15
MarOct 15-19, 1935 (5 days)933$75
JunApr 17 (1 day)1007$15
JunMar 15-24 (9 days)1007$135



While the location of this picture is unknown, Engine 246 is running as a local freight with its white flags. By 1936, other images of the engine show that it had lost the angled flange at the top of its tender sides.

No photographs are known to exist of B&M freight service in Suncook.  However, memo's exchanged among B&M management in May of 1931 document that the "Stonehill Switcher" required the use of a G-10 0-6-0 on account of track conditions.  It's likely that the same engine had been used by the crew for their morning run to Suncook as well, and we further know that the last B&M train to operate over the Suncook Loop prior to its lease to the SVRR was X246, which had run down to the Emerson mill at Hooksett on 6/6/36.  Engine 1482 (a B-15c) hauled extra coaches to Suncook for the 1935 NARE Bike & Hike excursion after scheduled passenger service had been terminated.  There was a washout north of Suncook in January 1938; the B&M provided cinders, shoved down by locomotive 1465 on 1/25, to get the line reopened.  Some inferences may also be drawn from other resources.  B&M ETT’s do show weight restrictions on the Suncook Loop, largely due to the wooden bridges over the Suncook River and Merrimack River at Hooksett (the Soucook River and Merrimack River at Bow Jct. crossings were on steel bridges.)  Indeed, at least some B&M ETT's showed different weight restrictions north of the Suncook River bridge than they did for the overall Loop.


Maximum Engines on Suncook Loop, from B&M Maximum Weight and Clearance Chart, 12/27

According to B&M Employee Timetables, the heaviest locomotives permitted on the entire Suncook Loop were the K-4e 2-8-0 in freight service and the J-1 4-4-2 in passenger service.  The B&M had 8 K-4 locomotives, including 2 of the ‘e’ subclass.  The other six had been previously rebuilt as compounds, and later restored back to simple expansion.  All remained on the B&M’s roster in 1924, but were retired by 1928.  There were 6 J-1’s on the roster in 1924; three remained in May 1936.  One had been superheated making it a J-1c, while another received both that treatment and Walschaerts valve gear, creating the only J-1f.  Some comparative figures on various locomotive classes are shown below to help illustrate what we know from this:

ClassMax Axle LoadingTotal Weight
J-1f46,000#87 tons
J-1c41,50083
K-5a35,75082
J-140,60080
B-15c43,40076
G-11b59,50075
G-11a52,90073
C-15h36,00073
B-15a41,66872
B-1540,93471
G-10*43,50064
A-41f41,50064
G-10*41,00061
A-40c38,00060
A-41a-e37,00057
SV #132,00056

* Minuteman Steam and Jeff Rousseau's Data list show differing numbers for the G-10.

It would seem that after the last K-4 locomotive was retired, the largest freight engine permitted on the Loop would have been the B-15c moguls.  Additional loading data may yet turn up, but these numbers corroborate what we already know.  It would appear that all 2-6-0’s and 4-4-0’s on the B&M, as well as G-10 0-6-0’s, were suitable for the Suncook Loop.  The J-1 Trailers and C-15 ten wheelers that were remaining were numerically insignificant, and while they could theoretically show up in Suncook, the likelihood of seeing them was probably very small.

ETT #16, Apr 29, 1934, and #19, Sept 29, 1935, (among others?) do show that north of the Suncook River bridge, K-8 2-8-0's and G-11 0-6-0 switchers were also permitted.  However, with the large China Mill just on the other side of the river in Allenstown, and Dundee followed by Emerson at the mill in Hooksett, heavier locomotives such as these would only have ventured south if the traffic on that given day would permit.

A review of photographs taken by Al Hale, now residing at the Beverly Historical Society, most frequently show 0-6-0 switchers being used on most short haul locals.  On the other hand, some longer trips appear to have used 2-6-0 and even 2-8-0 locomotives.  There is a series of photos taken on the Franklin Branch in the late 30’s that show a G-10 there, but that line explicitly allowed that class, as well as K-7’s and J-1’s of various subclasses.

Another factor we can take into account is the turntable at Suncook.  There was a 50’ Sellers table installed after independent operations began, located just north of Ferry Street in Suncook, that the Suncook Valley used to turn its locomotive for the northbound run.  Presumably, the B&M was permitted to use the table as well for the local freight, but we do not know this for certain.  First, the table was located on the Suncook Valley proper- not the Suncook Loop, so the Suncook Valley would have to had granted the B&M trackage rights, albeit only a few hundred feet.  Two, it is possible that the B&M local’s engine made one half of its trip running in reverse.  If the local did use the turntable, however, it limits what power could have been used due to wheelbase and weight limitations.  A 50’ turntable was of sufficient length for Class G-10 0-6-0’s, all 4-4-0 type locomotives, and B-15 moguls with the early style tender only.

Lastly, there are but a few photos of W-C 1 and its southbound counterpart, C-W 2, and unfortunately they are all from the postwar period.  Despite this, it can be noted that the power for this train during that later timeframe was either a K-8 consolidation or a single F-2 diesel, certainly not the sort of locomotives allowed on the Suncook Loop!



Suncook Yard, looking south, ca. 1930.

Yard Operations and Signaling

While equipment information is limited, sources documenting the manner in which operations were carried out are nonexistent.  The only information comes from careful study of yard photos, but as photographers tended to focus on locomotive roster shots, there are only a small selection of photos available taken prior to the SV's lease of the Loop and from which inferences can be drawn.

All extant photos of B&M passenger trains at Suncook, with one exception (see B&M 1007, 1927, above,) show the equipment pulled up alongside the depot on the mainline.  While no photo of a B&M milk car standing alone in Suncook is known to exist, two images show or suggest backing moves by Train 3604 to place such a car, located at the rear of the train, onto the freight house siding.  Many images depicting the SV train also show it in the same position to board passengers, transfer mail, or load baggage, express, and milk.  Occasionally, images also show the SV train parked on the freight house siding with its passenger equipment, occasionaly with freight cars.  In some of those images, the equipment is not lined up with the platform, i.e. loading is not occurring.  Rather, it appears that the train took this position to stay in the clear when awaiting B&M trains due to arrive or depart shortly.  This location was also the only location in the yard, other than the lead to the Suncook Mills, that would allow the SV train to advance to the depot with only one further move.

Rarely, if ever, are trains or cars ever seen on the next track over in photographs.  Perhaps not coincidentally, there are no known images of two or more trains in Suncook Yard simultaneously, despite that train scheduling confirms it happened on a daily basis.  One hypothesis is that the second track is simply for a second train, and also used by the local freight to support switching moves.

Frequently, unaccompanied freight cars can be seen on the siding two tracks over from the mainline.  This track is believed to be the interchange track, as there is no access to loading or unloading at the location.  Meanwhile, the long siding that loops back around behind the depot and freight house is believed to be available for public delivery.  This use is inferred from cars that appear to be being unloaded onto trucks or directly onto the station grounds.


SV Coach #2, ca. 1932

From the time the shortline began operation until the very early 1930's when the use of SV Coach #2 was discontinued, operating statistics indicate that only one passenger car was used on the midday mixed trains, weekdays only.  The combine would return up the valley, but the coach would be left sitting in Suncook during the day.  One photo exists that suggests where the B&M allowed the car to set: it can be seen on the track leading to the Baker coal pocket, at the far west edge of the yard (this structure, the only one on that side, was accessed via a crossing and was conveniently built into the bank dropping away from there.  The B&M had installed 370' of track for this company in 7/1900.)  Presumably, the B&M freight crew would have spotted any cars for Baker prior to the SV car being dropped there for the day.


SV #1 on turntable, Allenstown. Brent Michiels collection.

The Center Barnstead turntable had been out of service for some time prior to 1924, and no locomotive turning facilities existed at Suncook.  Indeed, during the first years of SVRR operation, the shortline was obligated to run the locomotive in reverse on all trips returning to the northern end of the line.  Consequently, all B&M freight service also had to operate in reverse for one direction of the Concord-Suncook local trips.  The B&M suggested they might repair the turntable if the SV elected to make use of it, while there was also mention of the B&M potentially placing a wye track at Suncook and providing track materials such that the SV could contruct another at Center Barnstead.  Nothing came of such proposals.  It is not known for a fact as to who initiated the effort, but ultimately resolution was found with the installation of a turntable in Suncook in 192x.  A 50' cast iron Sellers turntable, like the one in Center Barnstead, it was tied into the SV main between Canal and Ferry Streets.  The shortline would commence using the new facility twice a day upon arrival in Suncook, but it is not known if the B&M freight switcher also used the truntable prior to its return to Concord.


Loop and Branch signals, looking North.

The junction between the Suncook Loop and the Suncook Valley was originally protected by a ball signal, but was replaced with manual block signals in 1917.  The B&M installed a small US&S interlocking plant, with a four-lever, Saxby & Farmer interlocking machine co-located with the junction switch north of the Suncook River bridge (note that the frog for the junction turnout was located 400' further south, on the other side of the bridge.)  In this location, it could be more readily accessed by the Suncook agent or his helper, keeping the walk shorter and avoiding the need to travel over the bridge.  The switch was operated by a manual switchstand, limited in movement by an lock bar extending from the machine.  Two lower quadrant semaphores on a signal mast were located just on the other side of the track from the interlock.  These used two of the four levers to give a southbound indication to continue on to Hooksett or to enter the shortline's route.  The other two levers were connected to pipe lines extended southward along the ground and bridge to two single arm signals located on the Allenstown side, one each controlling entrance into the yard from the Loop and the Valley.  The NB Loop signal was north of the China Mill canal; the NB Valley signal was south of the canal.  The system remained adequate for the operating needs after the shortline began operation, and it is presumed that no changes were made until after the Loop was leased.  In the photo above, the latter signal is set to clear for the incoming SV train.  The SB stop signals can be seen faintly in the background, appearing just above the roof of the Fowler Bros grain mill, and protruding out from behind the NB Loop signal mast.  As the train is now backing down from the switchback, the photographer would be standing on the platform of Combine #3.


North, Concord, right; south, Hooksett, top left; Suncook Valley, mid left.

Sources:

Special thanks to Brent Michiels and Bruce Davison for their invaluable assistance.

B&M Bulletin Orders, Notices, and Circulars, various dates, B&MRRHS collection,
B&M Employee Time Tables, Southern Division, #55 though 61A, B&MRRHS collection,
B&M Employee Time Tables, #1 though 21, author’s and B&MRRHS collection,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #13, effective 6/30/26, courtesy Tom Humphrey,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #14, effective 12/20/26, courtesy Tim Gilbert,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #16, effective 10/31/27, courtesy Scott Whitney,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #??, one page only, effective 11/6/30, author’s collection,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #22, effective 9/25/32, author’s collection,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #24, effective 9/24/33, courtesy Jacob Klerman,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #27, effective 4/28/35, author’s collection,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #28, effective 9/30/35, courtesy Tom Humphrey,
B&M Freight Train Symbol Book #29, effective 4/26/36, B&MRRHS collection,
B&M Minute Man Freight Service Pamphlet, Though Merchandise Cars, issued 4/1/29, courtesy Tim Gilbert,
B&M Minute Man Freight Service Pamphlet, Though Merchandise Cars, issued 5/1/30, author's collection,
B&M Minute Man Freight Service Pamphlet, Though Merchandise Cars, issued 5/1/35, Rick Conard collection,
B&M Steam Locomotive Class Data, courtesy Jeff Rousseau,
B&M Maximum Weight and Clearance Chart, Transportation Order 136, Issued 5/1927, author's collection,
B&M Maximum Weight and Clearance Chart, Supplement to Transportation Order 136, Issued 12/1927, author's collection,
B&M unpublished correspondence, various dates,
The Blueberry Express, edited by John Hutchins,
Bulletin, B&MRRHS Vol * No *, the 1934 locomotive assignment article,
ICC Finance Docket No. 10948, B&M Abandonment, submitted 11/14/35, decided 11/21/35, author's collection,
ICC Valuation Survey documents, B&M Valuation sections 23.1, 23.6, & 29, author's collection,
Minute Man Steam, by Harry A. Frye,
Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps, Village of Suncook, maps drawn July 1923, October 1929, & revised December 1939/October 1948, author's collection,
Freight Traffic Density, B&M, 1931, 1935, 1936, H.H.Copeland & Son, NY, Harvard Baker Library collection, Northwestern Univeristy Transportation Library collection.

Posted 8/15/04.  Updated 3/14/26.  Copyright by Earl Tuson.

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